A
Abrasive planer
A planer in which wood is removed by large sandpaper belts
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Accelerated aging
A set of laboratory conditions designed to produce in a short time the results of normal aging. Usual factors included are temperature, light, oxygen and water. In recent years, the adhesives industry has come to rely more and more on the "oxygen bomb" test as an indicator of relative life expectancy of a given formulation.
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Accelerated weathering
A set of laboratory conditions to simulate in a short time the effects of natural weathering. Most adhesives are generally not subjected to the conditions that are normally considered under weathering tests.
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Accelerator
An ingredient used in small amounts to speed up the action of the hardener in a two part adhesive.
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Acetone
A very volatile and flammable solvent that is particularly useful for cleaning metal substrates.
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ACGIH
American Conference of Governmental Hygienists
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Adhere
To cause two surfaces to be held together by adhesion.
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Adherend
A body which is held to another body by an adhesive.
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Adhesion
The state in which two surfaces are held together by interfacial forces which may consist of valence forces or interlocking action, or both.
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Adhesion, mechanical
Adhesion between surfaces in which the adhesive holds the parts together by interlocking action.
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Adhesion, specific
Adhesion between surfaces that are held together by valence forces of the same type as those which give rise to cohesion.
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Adhesive
A substance capable of holding materials together by surface attachment. Same as cement.
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Adhesive failure
Type of failure characterized by pulling the adhesive loose from the substrate.
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Adhesive, assembly
An adhesive that can be used for bonding parts together such as the manufacture of a boat, airplane, furniture, and the like.
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Adhesive, cold-setting
An adhesive that sets at temperature below 68°F (20°C).
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Adhesive, contact
An adhesive that is apparently dry to the touch and which will adhere to itself instantaneously upon contact; also called contact bond adhesive or dry bond adhesive.
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Adhesive, dispersion
A two phase system in which one phase is suspended in a liquid.
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Adhesive, foamed
An adhesive, the apparent density of which has been decreased substantially by the presence of numerous gaseous cells dispersed throughout its mass. Same as cellular adhesive.
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Adhesive, heat activated
A dry adhesive film that is rendered tacky or fluid by application of heat or heat and pressure to the assembly.
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Adhesive, hot melt
An adhesive that is applied in a molten state and forms a bond on cooling to a solid state.
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Adhesive, hot-setting
An adhesive that requires a temperature at or above 100°C (212°F) to set.
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Adhesive, intermediate temperature setting
An adhesive that sets in the temperature range of 31°-99°C (87°-211°F).
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Adhesive, multiple layer
A film adhesive with a different adhesive composition on each side; designed to bond dissimilar materials such as the core to face bond of a sandwich composite.
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Adhesive, pressure sensitive
A viscoelastic material which in solvent-free form remains permanently tacky. Such a material will adhere instantaneously to most solid surfaces with the application of very slight pressure.
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Adhesive, room temperature setting
An adhesive that sets in the temperature range of 20°-30°C (68°-86°F).
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Adhesive, separate application
A term used to describe an adhesive consisting of two parts, one part being applied to one substrate and the other part to the other substrate and the two brought together to form a joint.
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Adhesive, solvent
An adhesive having a volatile organic liquid as a vehicle.
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Adhesive, solvent activated
A dry adhesive film that is rendered tacky just prior to use by application of a solvent.
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Adsorption
The action of a body in condensing and holding gases and other materials at its surface.
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AFG-01 : Performance Specifications for Adhesives Used for Field-Gluing Plywood to Wood Framing
Established by the American Plywood Association, this test method measures adhesive strength for wood-to-wood applications. AFG-01 requires that adhesives applied at the job site be sunlight resistant and able to fill gaps. Adhesives are subject to adverse weather conditions including moisture, sunlight and fluctuating temperature conditions.-
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AFMA
American Furniture Manufacturers Association
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Aging
The progressive change in the chemical and physical properties of a sealant or adhesive.
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Aliphatic resin glue
Yellow glues which provide more grab for shorter clamp times, and offer better water resistance and heat resistance than traditional white glues
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Alligatoring
Cracking of a surface into segments so that it resembles the hide of an alligator.
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Ambient temperature
Temperature of the air surrounding the object under construction.
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Ampere
A unit of electric current. One ampere flows through a conductor having a resistance of one ohm, when there is one-volt difference between the ends of the circuit. (A.)
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Anaerobic
Adhesives that cure in the absence of oxygen.
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Aniline dye
Any of a large number of synthetic dyes derived from aniline, usually obtained from coal tar.
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ANSI
American National Standards Institute.
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ANSI/HPVA Type II Water-Resistance : Wood glues
Type II testing involves cutting the 6" by 6" assemblies into 2" by 5" specimens, soaking them for 4 hours, then baking the specimens in a 120°F oven for 19 hours. This is repeated for a total of three cycles, and the bonds must not delaminate to pass the Type II specification.-
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Application temperature
The temperature at which a bond is made. While it may reflect the temperature of the glue or adhesive at the time it is applied, it mostly represents the temperature of the air and the materials being joined. Ultimately, because the adhesive will dry or cure at the temperature of the materials surrounding it, the application temperature most specifically reflects that temperature.
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Arc
A self-sustaining visible flow or discharge of electricity through air that will result in a burn if the flow is through a material of normal insulating properties.
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ASNI/HPVA Type I Water-Resistance : Wood glues
Type I testing involves cutting the 6" by 6" assemblies into 1" by 3" specimens, boiling them for 4 hours, then baking the specimens in a 145°F oven for 20 hours. They are boiled for an additional 4 hours, then immediately cooled using running water. The specimens are sheared while wet, and the bonds must pass certain strength and wood failure requirements to pass the Type I specification.-
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Asphalt
Naturally occurring mineral pitch or bitumen.
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Assembly
A group of materials or parts, including adhesive, which has been placed together for bonding or which has been bonded together.
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Assembly Time
Also called Open Time. The time period from the application of adhesive until the final application of pressure. This term includes both Closed and Open Assembly Times.
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A-stage
An early stage in the reaction of certain thermosetting resins in which the material is fusible and still soluble in certain liquids.
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Asthma
A disease characterized by recurrent attacks of wheezing and shortness of breath.
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ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials.
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ASTM C1183 : Standard Test Method for Extrusion Rate of Elastomeric Sealants
This test method covers two laboratory procedures for determining the extrusion rate of elastomeric sealants for use in building construction.-
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ASTM C1193 : Standard Guide for Use of Joint Sealants
This guide describes the use of a cold liquid-applied sealant for joint sealing applications, including joints on buildings and related adjacent areas, such as plazas, decks, and pavements for vehicular or pedestrian use, and types of construction other than highways and airfield pavements and bridges. Information in this guide is primarily applicable to a single- and multi-component, cold liquid-applied joint sealant and secondarily to a precured sealant when used with a properly prepared joint opening and substrate surfaces.-
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ASTM C1246 : Standard Test Method for Effects of Heat Aging on Weight Loss, Cracking, and Chalking of Elastomeric Sealants After Cure
This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the effects of heat aging on weight loss, cracking and chalking of elastomeric joint sealants (single- and multi-component) for use in building construction.-
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ASTM C510 : Standard Test Method for Staining and Color Change of Single or Multicomponent Joint Sealants
This test method measures color change in a sealant and staining of substrate by the sealant under conditions of artificial weathering.-
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ASTM C557 : Standard Specification for Adhesives for Fastening Gypsum Wallboard to Wood Framing
Designed for adhesives intended to bond the back surface paper of drywall to wood framing members. This test method measures shear and tensile strength tests, gap filling, freeze-thaw stability tests and accelerated adhesive aging.-
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ASTM C639 : Standard Test Method for Rheological (Flow) Properties of Elastomeric Sealants
This test method describes a laboratory procedure for the determination of rheological (flow) properties of single- and multi-component chemically curing sealants for use in building construction.-
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ASTM C661 : Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Elastomeric Type Sealants by Means of a Durometer
This test method describes a laboratory procedure for determining indentation hardness of joint sealing compounds (single- and multi-component) intended for use in building construction.-
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ASTM C679
This test method covers a procedure for the determination of the tack-free time property of single- and multi-component elastomeric sealants commonly used for sealing, caulking, and glazing in buildings and related construction.The tack-free time is a measure of the surface cure time and may generally be correlated to a variety of useful parameters such as the time interval before the sealant (1) resists damage by touch or light surface contact (2) resists job-site or airborne dirt pick-up (3) resists impinging rainfall.-
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ASTM C717
This standard describes terms and definitions and descriptions of terms used or likely to be used in test methods, specifications, guides, and practices (related to building seals and sealants) consistent with the scope and areas of interest of ASTM Committee C24.-
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ASTM C719
This test method is an accelerated laboratory procedure for evaluating the performance of a building sealant in a test configuration that is subjected to water immersion, cyclic movement, and temperature change.-
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ASTM C793
This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the effects of accelerated weathering on cured-in-place elastomeric joint sealants (single- and multi-component) for use in building construction.-
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ASTM C794
This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the strength and characteristics of the peel properties of a cured-in-place elastomeric joint sealant, single- or multicomponent, for use in building construction-
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ASTM C834
This specification covers one-component latex sealants used for sealing joints in building construction.-
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ASTM C919
This practice is a guide for the use of sealants to reduce the sound transmission characteristics of interior walls, ceilings, and floors by proper application of sealants to joints, voids, and penetrations normally found in building construction.-
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ASTM C920
This specification covers the properties of a cured single- or multi-component cold-applied elastomeric joint sealant for sealing, caulking, or glazing operations on buildings, plazas, and decks for vehicular or pedestrian use, and types of construction other than highway and airfield pavements and bridges.-
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ASTM D1779
This specification covers an adhesive for bonding prefabricated acoustical materials to the inside walls and ceilings of rooms in buildings. This adhesive is required to maintain a tensile adhesion (bond strength) of not less than 3.45 104 dynes/cm2 (1/2 lb/in.2) for a long period of time under the temperature and moisture conditions likely to be encountered and to maintain sufficient plasticity to allow for movement of parts of the building as it ages.-
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ASTM D3273
This test method describes a small environmental chamber and the conditions of operation to evaluate reproducibly in a 4-week period the relative resistance of paint films to surface mold fungi, mildew growth in a severe interior environment. The apparatus is designed so it can be easily built or obtained by any interested party and will duplicate results obtained in a large tropical chamber.-
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ASTM D3274
Fungal growth, frequently referred to as mildew in the paint industry, causes defacement of paint film exposed outdoors. The visual rating of paint surface disfigurement due to fungal or algal attack is required in order to compare the performance of different coatings.-
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ASTM D3498
Measures strength for gluing plywood to lumber framing for floor systems and shall exceed the strength, gap-filling and durability properties prescribed in the standard. This specification ensures the quality and strength of the adhesive.-
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ASTM D412
These test methods cover procedures used to evaluate the tensile (tension) properties of vulcanized thermoset rubbers and thermoplastic elastomers. These methods are not applicable to ebonite and similar hard, low-elongation materials.-
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ASTM D4236
This practice describes the standard procedure for developing precautionary labels for art materials to provide chronic health hazard and precautionary statements based on knowledge that exists in the scientific and medical communities. These statements concern hazards known to be associated with a product or product component(s) when it is present in a physical form, volume, or concentration that in the opinion of a toxicologist has the potential to produce a chronic adverse health effect.-
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ASTM D624
This test method describes procedures for measuring a property of conventional vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic elastomers called tear strength.-
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ASTM D905 (on hard maple)
This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strengths of adhesive bonds used for bonding wood and other similar materials, when tested on a standard specimen under specified conditions of preparation, conditioning, and loading in compression. This test method is intended primarily as an evaluation of adhesives for wood.
This specification is designed to cover comparative shear strengths of adhesive bonds used for bonding wood or other similar materials, when tested on a standard specimen under the subscribed conditions of preparation, conditioning and loading in compression. This test method is intended primarily as an evaluation for wood adhesives.-
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ASTM E72
These test methods cover the procedures for determining the structural properties of segments of wall, floor, and roof constructions.-
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ASTM E84
This fire-test-response standard for the comparative surface burning-behavior of building materials is applicable to exposed surfaces such as walls and ceilings. The test is conducted with the specimen in the ceiling position with the surface to be evaluated exposed face down to the ignition source. The material, product, or assembly shall be capable of being mounted in the test position during the test. Thus, the specimen shall either be self-supporting by its own structural quality, held in place by added supports along the test surface, or secured from the back side.-
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ASTM E90
This test method covers the laboratory measurement of airborne sound transmission loss of building partitions such as walls of all kinds, operable partitions, floor-ceiling assemblies, doors, windows, roofs, panels, and other space-dividing elements.
This test method covers the laboratory measurement of airborne sound transmission loss of building partitions such as walls of all kinds, operable partitions, floor-ceiling assemblies, doors, windows, roofs, panels, and other space-dividing elements.-
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Auto Tune
A circuit installed in a RF generator designed to maintain the optimum amount of power during a RF cure cycle.
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Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) Blocks
Precast, manufactured building stone made of all-natural raw materials. It is an economical, environmentally friendly, cellular, lightweight, structural material that provides thermal and acoustic insulation as well as fire and termite resistance.
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Automatic Edging Saw
Automatic Edging Saw
A straight line rip saw used to edge one side of the blank before it is ripped on the rip saw. This is accomplished by using canted, automatic rollers to feed the stock through the saw after it has been planed.
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